These 4 are key components of the gamification system but they ask require overlapping goals (short term and long term).

Thus there are 1) Immediate goals, 2) Intermediate goals, and 3) The Ultimate goal.

Overlapping goals motivate users to achieve on a micro scale and they make progress towards the macro goal seem more manageable. 

Engagement - introducing uncertainty, keeps the brain predicting and, therefor, engaged...